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| 1850 |
| | | A rebellion against the Qing dynasty, led by Christian convert Hong Xiuquan, breaks out in southern China | |
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| 1853 |
| | | The Taiping rebels capture the Chinese city of Nanjing and make it their capital | |
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| 1856 |
| | | An incident aboard the Arrow, flying a British flag, gives the British the pretext to launch the Second Opium War | |
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| 1858 |
| | | The Treaty of Tientsin, ending the Second Opium War, gives European powers new rights to intervene in Chinese affairs | |
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| 1858 |
| | | Under the Treaty of Aigun, Russia wins from China the valuable Pacific coastline down to Vladivostok | |
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| 1860 |
| | | British and French forces occupy Beijing and burn the imperial summer palace, at the end of the Second Opium War | |
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| 1863 |
| | | British officer Charles Gordon leads untrained auxiliaries against the Taiping rebels in China, becoming known as Chinese Gordon | |
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| 1864 |
| | | Imperial Chinese troops and Gordon's auxiliaries take Nanjing, the rebel capital, finally bringing to an end the Taiping rebellion | |
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| 1869 |
| | | The most famous of the three-masted tea-clippers, the Cutty Sark is launched at Dumbarton for service to and from China | |
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| 1884 |
| | | The War of the Pacific brings Chile new mineral wealth at the expense of Bolivia and Peru | |
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